Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. I think (as a native Serbian speaker from south eastern Belgrade) the main difference between Serbian and Macedonian is that Macedonian doesnt have cases and have definite articles as well. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? Also, the question is: -did this Serb speak other Slavic languages? So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). The standard view among linguists seems to be that Lach is a part of Czech. Your English is pretty much ok. Un- or fortunately, you are right about the thesis about Macedonian and Bulgarian. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). Pobrzajte in Serbian means (pourite) but I understand it because brzo means fast and prefix po also exists in Serbian, and the imperative form is the same. For me, Serbian and Macedonian are as different as Serbian and Slovene, they sounds somehow the same, but I dont understand them correctly. 2. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. They have more in common than you might think! But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. Macedonian: 50-60 % Together with the basic norm used in Bulgaria, there also exists a Macedonian norm, which (sao=also?) How come you have not done a post about 9/11 before Robert? In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. Thank you. Eastern Slovak has 82% intelligibility of Rusyn and 72% of Ukrainian. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. 1993. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Young Czechs and Slovaks talk to each other a lot via the Internet. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. Slovenian language might be closer to the Macedonian/Bulgarian than to the Serbian language. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Belarussian is nonetheless a separate language from both Ukrainian and Russian. An inherent pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a a speaker of Slavic lect A listening to a tape or video of a speaker of Slavic Lect A. There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. possession is indicated most frequently using dative pronouns, unlike Serbians tendency to use possessive pronouns in greater frequency For instance, he and she in Standard Macedonia is toj and taa respectively, very close to Bulgarian toy and tya. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. Robert Lindsay, Independent Journalist: l Talk about Things You're Not Supposed to Talk About. While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . 8. Like a shits to o. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. Russian speakers are also likely to understand some Bulgarian, along with other Slavic languages to a lesser extent. Cieszyn Silesian or Ponaszymu is a language closely related to Silesian spoken in Czechoslovakia in the far northeast of the country near the Polish and Slovak borders. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. Standard Czech and standard Slovak is almost totally intelligible (I would say about 90%) only very few words are of different origin. Older people who rembember federation understand everything. Western Slovak speakers say Eastern Slovak sounds idiotic and ridiculous, and some words are different, but other than that, they can basically understand it. In the case of transparently cognate languages officially recognized as distinct such as Spanish and Italian, mutual intelligibility is in principle and in practice not binary (simply yes or no), but occurs in varying degrees, subject to numerous variables specific to individual speakers in the context of the communication. non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Since the breakup, young Czechs and Slovaks understand each other worse since they have less contact with each other. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. This stuff is not all that controversial. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Answer (1 of 4): Yes. "Proto-Slavonic,". Thread starter Bamaro; Start date Feb 15, 2023 . Click here to get a copy. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. Bulgarian has 80% intelligibility of Macedonian, 41% of Russian, and 5% of Polish and Czech. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . Je to oficiln jazyk v Bulharsk republice a jeden z 23 oficilnch jazyk v Evropsk unii. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written Reactions: So far there have been few reactions to the paper. In the 1500s, Kajkavian began to be developed in a standard literary form. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. This is a great boon to travelers and language learners. Czech has 94% intelligibility of Slovak, 12% of Polish, and 5% of Russian and Bulgarian. What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. The translation is not very problematic. Maybe its a lack of vocabulary, but I havent heard that word from someone personally yet. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. Spoken Slovenian is a surprise too its phonology has a significant German influence. A professor of Slavic Linguistics at a university in Bulgaria reviewed the paper and felt that the percentages were accurate. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. For majority of the Shtokavian speakers thats just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. The differences to me are like New England English versus English in the deep South versus Australian. Usually, they can even write their theses in Slovak. On the other side, i.e. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. Furthermore, not only does this app provide small lessons that can be expanded into full-on courses, but it also allows you to interact with native speakers of the target language. Get 70% off + 10 languages + 14 day free trial. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. Also there have been some czecho-slovak shows in TV lately like Czecho-Slovak Idol or Talent with judges and competitors from both countries and I have never heard of anyone who would complain about not understanding. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. OMG! The distance of Slovene may seem unlikely, but I think that it is still rather optimistic, because Czech and Slovene are quite distant, despite geographical closeness. Answer (1 of 11): Look, if you're Ukrainian you most likely already speak russian. However, lexical similarity focuses on exclusively overlapping vocabulary to determine similarity between languages. For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. That being said, the line between a language and a dialect is often blurred. So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. Serbian is a macrolanguage made up to two languages: Shtokavian Serbian and Torlak or Gorlak Serbian. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. Thanks for the information about Eastern Slovak I will incorporate it. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. I can understand about 50% 75% of Bulgarian and Macedonian enough to get buy and carry on a conversation. This is a political point, of course. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. Between sources, you might find some claiming that two languages are mutually intelligible, while other sources claim those same languages arent. Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. The claim for separate languages is based more on politics than on linguistic science. It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. They exist, but not in such a degree to render them unintelligible. Maltese. Intelligibility is more than 90% = dialect, less than 90% = language. I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. Congratulations on a brilliant article! However, leaving aside Kajkavian speakers, Croatians have poor intelligibility of Slovenian. Good post, OP. So I understand Kajkavians and Slovenes except for a germanic package. Download: [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. Southern Slovak on the Hungarian border has a harder time understanding Polish because they do not hear it much. Torlak Serbian is spoken in the south and southwest of Serbia and is transitional to Macedonian. Some islanders go even further than that and don`t consider themselves ethnic Croats. The Rusyn language is composed of 50% Slovak roots and 50% Ukrainian roots, so some difficult intelligibility with Ukrainian might be expected. Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. I also understand more of other Slavic languages then neotokavian speakers do. Young czechs and slovaks communicate on internet on daily basis and they understand each other just perfectly. In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort. While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. If youre learning multiple languages at once, pairing similar languages is a great way to maximize your studying. That is good to know. The German influence is more prominent in the west; Polish influence is greater in the east. There can be various reasons for this. Bratislava speakers say that Kosice speech sounds half Slovak and half Ukrainian and uses many odd and unfamiliar words. I am a good control for this because I am an American but my father is Slovak(my mother is half Slovak but American) and I can understand about 50 % of Slovak and I do have a hard time with Czech but once I get past their hacek r I can understand quite a bit. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: This makes Polish a much much easier language to learn than Russian. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. 5%? The overall lexical similarity between Spanish and Portuguese is estimated to be 89%. This is not the case, as all figures were derived from estimates by native speakers themselves, often a number of estimates averaged together. Ukrainian and Russian are today closer than they were a hundred years ago due to Soviet Russification, and somewhat mutually intelligiblespeakers in Ukraine often switch back and forth from one . From some reason, the Hutsul, Lemko, andBoiko dialects of the Rusyn language are much more comprehensible to Russians than Standard Ukrainian is. For Macedonian without knowledge of other Slavic languages is also difficult to understand all the words which come from Russian and which are not current in Macedonian. It is difficult to get a high-paying job that requires skill and . As an addendum, Id like to make it known that my own grandmother, who hails from a village some twenty kilometers southwest of Ni, got lost in Belgrade once but has no problem getting around Skopje. The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. Russian is followed by Polish with over 40 million speakers, Ukrainian with 33 million and Czech with 13 million. However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. I think that this article is full of dubious numbers, but this is not necessarily the authors fault. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. Silesian, which can be heard in the southwest (sometimes also considered a separate language). I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Rather than 95%, or 85%. However, Bulgarian-Russian written intelligibility is much higher. The diffete. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . If I had to name a Slavic language worst for intelligibility, it would absolutely and positively have to be Bulgarian its phonetics are completely foreign (to the extent that sometimes in the back of my mind I think that it sounds barbarian and Turkish), as is its grammar (the vocabulary, however, is not, being probably 90% similar to Russian, making written Bulgarian pretty easy). Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. From a grammatical and morphological perspective, Ukrainian is closer to Russian: they both have East Slavic roots. LIFESTYLE Languages. Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. Croatian-Shtokavian is only a dialect of Serbian language. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. Thank you very much for this. Slovak-Czech MI tests out at 82% in studies, which seems about right. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. http://www.izviestija.info/izviestija/, I was born in Canada to a Serbian family and speak Serbian so I am a good control as I was never formally educated in Serbian and its grammar. CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. His wife had never been to Poland and her language was completely foreign to me. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. Greg, Kaikavian is dialect of Slovenian language. . Czech completely and utterly incomprehensible. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. When I was first exposed to spoken BCS, the most significant issue was their prosody, because the vocabulary and the grammar presented very little difficulty for me as a Ukrainian/Russian bilingual. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. My take on it is right here. Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Mezentseva, Inna. The Aegean Macedonian dialects mostly spoken in Greece, such as the Lerinsko-Kostursko and Solunsko-Vodenskadialects, sound more Bulgarian than Macedonian. The base of Molise Croatian was Shtokavian with an Ikavian accent and a heavy Chakavian base similar to what is now spoken as Southern Kajkavian Ikavian on the islands of Croatia. The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? But which languages in the world are actually closest to . Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. Ive been following this page and kept coming to it for the past months, actually more than a year (and have noticed some updates). Scientific intelligibility studies of Czech and Slovak have shown ~82% quite high but still low enough for them to be closely related separate languages and not dialects of one language. I will also say that it is a fact that a British intelligence linked terrorist Anas al-Liby recruited by MI6 to kill Gadaffi in 96 was involved in the African Embassy bombings. However, the Croatian macrolanguage has strange lects that Standard Croatian (tokavian) cannot understand. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Accent is on last or penultimate syllable. The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. Jen. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns.

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